China is developing an innovative stealth detection method using Starlink satellite signals, posing a major challenge to current military technologies.

China is exploring a new method of detecting stealth targets using Starlink satellite signals. The method, which has been successfully tested in the South China Sea, is based on analysing the disturbances in the electromagnetic waves emitted by satellites when they encounter objects such as drones. Using a sophisticated algorithm, the researchers were able to locate a drone in flight, potentially challenging the effectiveness of stealth aircraft. This passive technology could evade the usual countermeasures used by radar-seeker weapon systems.

Using Starlink signals to detect stealth targets

China has conducted promising research into the use of electromagnetic signals from Starlink satellites to detect stealthy objects, such as military aircraft. The concept is based on the observation of disturbances in the waves emitted by satellites when they interact with a flying object, such as a drone or aircraft. These disturbances, although minimal, can be picked up by antennas on the ground and analysed to locate and track the target.

In the experiment in the South China Sea, the researchers used a DJI Phantom Pro, a drone with a radar equivalent surface area similar to that of a stealth aircraft. By analysing the signals broadcast by a Starlink satellite, they were able to detect the drone. This process differs from conventional detection systems in that it does not involve ground-based radars or airborne sensors.

The researchers developed a special algorithm capable of detecting minute variations in electromagnetic signals, even going so far as to detect the movements of the drone’s propellers. This technology could theoretically make it possible to detect stealth targets, which are usually designed to absorb or scatter radar waves in order to reduce their radar signature. By using this new method, current stealth technologies, such as those used in the F-22 Raptor or the B-2 Spirit, could become less effective.

Potential impact on stealth technology and military operations

Stealth aircraft are an essential pillar of modern air forces, particularly those of the United States. These aircraft, such as the F-35 Lightning II or the B-21 Raider, are specifically designed to evade enemy radar systems, thanks to their special aerodynamic shapes and the use of radar-absorbing coatings. However, this new detection method could call into question their invulnerability.

Stealth technology is mainly based on the reduction of radar echoes. The angular shapes of aircraft and the special materials they use minimise the amount of radar waves that are reflected back to detection stations. But the signals from the Starlink satellites are continuous and omnipresent, making it difficult for a stealth aircraft to avoid any interaction with these waves.

If this passive method develops further, it could have a major impact on large-scale military operations. Armies that rely on stealth to carry out covert operations could find themselves up against much more sophisticated detection systems that are difficult to counter. Unlike traditional radars, these systems do not require active transmission, making them undetectable to stealth aircraft countermeasures.

In practice, this could force air forces to rethink their strategy. The development cost of a stealth aircraft is extremely high, with aircraft such as the F-35 reaching a unit cost of more than 100 million euros. If passive detection systems become more reliable, armies will either have to invest in countermeasures or develop new avoidance strategies.

Consequences for the defence and security market

This technological advance could also revolutionise the global defence market. As stealth is one of the main selling points of modern fighter aircraft, a reduction in its effectiveness could have an impact on the air forces’ acquisition budgets. Countries such as the United States, Russia and China are investing heavily in stealth. If this technology is surpassed, it could change the balance of military power.

At present, the global market for stealth aircraft is estimated to be worth more than €80 billion by 2030. However, with the rise of new detection technologies, priorities could change. Research and development budgets could be redirected towards weapons systems capable of countering these new threats. For example, the development of very high-altitude drones or the use of long-range missiles could become alternative solutions.

Defence companies will have to adapt their offerings to meet these new challenges. The Lockheed Martin Group, the leading manufacturer of stealth aircraft, may have to revise its strategy. The rise of passive detection systems, such as the one being tested by China, could also pave the way for new players in the detection and surveillance market. Companies specialising in signal analysis algorithms and passive systems could play a bigger role in the sector.

Technical and logistical challenges for satellite detection systems

The use of signals from satellites such as Starlink for stealth detection does, however, present major technical challenges. The accuracy of these systems depends on the quality of the algorithms used to detect electromagnetic signal disturbances. The smaller the targets, the weaker the disturbances, making detection more difficult. The systems will therefore have to be continually improved to maintain their effectiveness.

In addition, these systems require almost constant satellite coverage. The Starlink network, currently made up of more than 4,000 satellites in orbit, is still in the expansion phase. To cover strategic areas of high military priority, the constellation will need to reach its full capacity of 12,000 satellites by 2027.

This also poses logistical challenges for countries wishing to use this technology. The cost of setting up and maintaining such a vast detection network could prove prohibitive for some nations. In addition, the maintenance and operating capabilities of these systems will have to be improved, particularly in disturbed environments or in extreme weather conditions.

Finally, there are the diplomatic implications. The use of civilian satellites for military purposes may raise questions of ethics and sovereignty. The Starlink network, although operated by a private company, has international implications. The interception of signals could be perceived as an intrusion, raising questions about the use of civilian infrastructure for military purposes.

Want to fly a fighter jet ? Get in touch.